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social cycle theory
Social cycle theories are among the earliest social theories in sociology. Unlike the theory of social evolutionism, which views the evolution of society and human history as progressing in some new, unique direction(s), sociological cycle theory argues that events and stages of society and history are generally repeating themselves in cycles. Such a theory does not necessarily imply that there cannot be any social progress. In the early theory of Sima Qian and the more recent theories of long-term ("secular") political-demographic cycles〔E.g. Korotayev, A., Malkov, A., & Khaltourina, D. (2006) (''Introduction to Social Macrodynamics: Secular Cycles and Millennial Trends.'' ) Moscow: URSS. ISBN 5-484-00559-0. (Chapter 4 ).〕 as well as in the Varnic theory of P.R. Sarkar an explicit accounting is made of social progress.
==Historical Forerunners==
Interpretation of history as repeating cycles of Dark and Golden Ages was a common belief among ancient cultures.〔Social Theory: Its Origins, History, and Contemporary Relevance By Daniel W. Rossides. (Pg. 69 )〕
The more limited cyclical view of history defined as repeating cycles of events was put forward in the academic world in the 19th century in historiosophy (a branch of historiography) and is a concept that falls under the category of sociology. However, Polybius, Ibn Khaldun (see Asabiyyah), and Giambattista Vico can be seen as precursors of this analysis. The Saeculum was identified in Roman times. In recent times, P. R. Sarkar in his Social Cycle Theory has used this idea to elaborate his interpretation of history.
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